When is a rosé not a rosé?

Among the first five wine appellations ever to be minted in France were two of the finest terroirs of the Rhône: Châteauneuf-du-Pape and Tavel. Fast forward 83 years and Châteauneuf is famous the world over; Tavel is in the doldrums. It was once the most famous rosé in France but as tastes for rosé get ever paler, Tavel has found itself left out in the cold. One winemaker has ripped up the rule book and started afresh – with staggering results. Others are following. As a terroir historically famed for making red wines, is it time for local producers to go back to their roots?

Any shade – as long as it’s dark

Situated on the opposite bank of the Rhône river to Châteauneuf, Tavel flourished for decades making a complex and ageworthy wine, peerlessly deep for a rosé in both colour and flavour, with great application at the dinner table. It’s a rosé of maceration (grapes are cold macerated for a day or two before being pressed, then the free run and press juices are fermented together) made from a typical smorgasbord of Rhône grapes, based around Grenache. Unique in the Rhône, it’s a small but highly distinctive 911ha island of rosé in a sea of red.

The rise of rosé has been quite a phenomenon: global still rosé consumption has grown 28% between 2002 and 2017. This boom should have been a dream come true for Tavel. But if anything, sales have dipped. Canny marketing of Provence wines has changed the way people perceive rosé. Ask any sommelier and they’ll tell you the same story: the first question people ask when ordering a rosé is whether it’s pale.

So why don’t Tavel producers simply make lighter-coloured rosés? “Over the last 20 years, the wines have got paler,” confirms Guillaume Demoulin of Château Trinquevedel, but the depth of colour can only be reduced so far. Every French appellation has official guidelines about how the wine can be made, and the Tavel cahier des charges stipulates the wine must have a certain depth of colour to be legally called a Tavel. In the words of Elizabeth Gabay MW, the worldwide authority on rosé, “like many historic rosé wine producing regions, they are experiencing a rosé identity crisis.”

A historical stich-up

If anything, the history of Tavel is more illustrious than that of Châteauneuf. In building a temple to Dionysus near Tavel the ancient Greeks were clearly fans; the popes that made Châteauneuf famous only arrived in the 14thcentury. The root of Tavel’s current predicament however is much more recent.

When it was originally established in 1935/6, the appellation d’origine contrôlée  system included just five French regions: Arbois, Cassis, Monbazillac, Châteauneuf-du-Pape and Tavel. These new laws were spearheaded by Châteauneuf winemaker Baron Le Roy of Château Fortia. In a move that helped avoid competition at the time (but in retrospect smacks of being a stitch-up…) Châteauneuf was granted the appellation for red and white wine; Tavel was given the appellation for rosé.

In fairness, Tavel was known for making lightly-coloured reds. The appellation grows a lot of Cinsault, a grape which produces wines with a naturally pale colouring. But a rosé and a pale red are very different things. The entry for Tavel in the 1933 edition of the Larousse Encyclopaedia describes it as a “vin rouge… peu coloré”. The root cause of Tavel’s current crisis is a kind of vinous misgendering that has since been set in stone.

Rosé was once a broader church than it is today, from dark to pale, light-bodied to full. What’s acceptable to today’s rosé drinker is increasingly narrow and skewed towards the pale. The changing notion of what a rosé ‘should be’ has pushed Tavel even further from its red roots and created an increasingly manipulated wine. Cold maceration, cold fermentation, ‘flotation’ clarification with nitrogen, blocking malolactic, filtration… rather than being led by terroir, much Tavel is now a commodity manufactured to serve an existing market.Over half is sold in supermarkets at low prices.

“Along the way, we forgot how to make wine,” says Gaël Petit of Domaine de Moulin la Viguerie and outgoing president of the appellation. Inspired by his neighbour Eric Pfifferling, Petit is one of an increasing number of Tavel vignerons who are converting to organic viticulture and looking away from the cellar and into the vineyards for an alternative vision. “Now I’m going back to square one,” he says.

The Pfifferling effect

Until 1988, Pfifferling took his grapes to the local cave co-operative but increasingly he found he couldn’t drink the wines, describing them as “very chemical, very technological – they gave me a kind of indigestion.” In 2002, after travelling around France spending time with Natural wine luminaries such as Thierry Puzelat, Jean Foillard and Pierre Overnoy, he struck out on his own.

He now looks beyond colour and appellation boundaries and looks to his terroir to make the best wines he can, usually by carbonic maceration, from his 20 hectares of organic vineyards spread across Tavel, Lirac, Côtes-du-Rhône and IGP Gard. If this means blending across Lirac and Tavel, or making red wines from Tavel terroir, so be it, even if it means bottling them as Vin de France. Some top Tavel producers are happy for things to stay as they are, and see this new direction as lacking typicity. But for others, like Gaël Petit, “Eric has opened a way.”

To work like this is risky. It’s arduous, expensive, and winemakers risk losing the appellation, making them difficult to sell in traditional markets. But the growing interest in Natural wines and increasing acceptance of Vin de France as a serious category are opening a window of opportunity.

Some have touted the idea of making paler rosés in order to meet demand, but history suggests an alternative: allowing Tavel vignerons to label their wines as red. At their darkest they are already the colour of paler Gamay, Ploussard, Mencia, Cinsault or Pinot Noir – no other administrative change would be necessary. Although many of today’s Tavels are more substantial and rewarding than most pale rosés, Eric’s versions are likely to be closer to what it used to taste like: less manipulated, fresher, darker – and totally thrilling. Perhaps in time it’s what Tavel will taste like again.

Top producers from Tavel terroirs

Eric Pfifferling

Domaine Moulin la Viguerie

Balazu de Vaussières

Domaine des Carabiniers

Domaine de la Mordorée

Château d’Aqueria

Domaine Lafond Roc-Epine

Other good producers

Château de Ségriès

Domaine Pélaquie

Prieuré de Montézargues

Domaine Amido

Roudil Jouffret

Domaine Maby

Château de Manissy

Château Trinquevedel

First published on timatkin.com.


Images of Vacqueyras

Guy Ricard of Domaine le Couroulou

 

Classic Garrigues Nord terroir, lieu-dit La Clapière

 

Igor Chudzikewicz of Domaine les Amouriers

 

Crossroads at the south of the appellation near the town of Sarrians

 

Eric Bouletin of Roucas Toumba

 

Grape pickers in lieu-dit La Verde

 

Jacky Bernard of Domaine la Ligière, president of the appellation

 

2019 Grenache destined for Rhonéa

 


Images of Vaison-la-Romaine and Puyméras

Images of Vaison-la-Romaine

The town of Vaison-la-Romaine.

 

The old town - off to taste some wine.

 

Vincent Rochette of Domaine Roche-Audran.

 

Looking east towards the town of Vaison-la-Romaine from the appellation's most westerly commune, St-Roman-de-Malegarde. This is effectively the north-facing slope behind Cairanne.

 

Villedieu, one of the five communes that make up the appellation of Vaison-la-Romaine.

 

Looking north towards Vaison terroir in the foreground; over the river in the background lies Vinsobres.

 

Images of Puyméras

Looking north towards the principal terroirs of Puyméras.

 

Classic red clay and limestone pebbles of Puyméras vineyards.

 

Amélie Sauveyre of Domaine Le Puy du Maupas.

 

Cave la Comtadine (L to R): Jean Foch, Marco Cuny, Christophe Lazib.

 

Nathalie Sauvan of Domaine de Combebelle.

 


Images of Gigondas

 

Domaine du Cayron 2011, 1991 and 1971 - the year it was awarded its own appellation

 

The Faraud sisters of Domaine du Cayron; Delphine, Rosaline and Cendrine

 

Gigondas village, surely one of the most picturesque in France

 

Louis Barruol of Chateau de Saint Cosme in the new Grenache conservatory

 

The new winery at Domaine Santa Duc

 

Yves Gras of Domaine Santa Duc...

 

... and his son Benjamin Gras who has been making the wine since 2017, in front of the Dentelles du Montmirail

 

Julien Brechet, Domaine des Bosquets

 

Sunburnt Syrah grapes from the 2019 heatwave

 


Shortlisted for a Roederer!

 

I heard this week that I've been shortlisted for an award - Online Communicator of the Year for the Louis Roederer International Wine Writers' Awards.

I was asked to submit a couple of articles from work that I published last year, so I chose The kingdom of the blind and Undeniable class - the panel must have enjoyed them. Since the awards are international in scope there is a lot of competition, so it's a nice award to be nominated for.

The awards ceremony is at The Royal Academy of Arts in London on 18th September. It's the third time I've been shortlisted but I haven't bagged one yet so keep something crossed for me!


Images of Laudun and Chusclan

Côtes-du-Rhône Villages Laudun

 

 

The village of Laudun, from the valley floor

 

Sandy soils of Laudun, and drip irrigation - an increasingly common site in the Southern Rhône

 

Joséphine Arnaud of Château Courac in one of their vineyards

 

Roman artefacts that have been dug up in the vineyards of Château Courac - a coin minted in Sicily

 

Côtes-du-Rhône Villages Chusclan

 

 

Chusclan vignoble looking south towards Orsan

 

Grégory Brunel, Vice President of Maison Sinnae (formerly Laudun Chusclan Vignerons) in the Château de Gicon that they now own

 

Deep sandy soils in the valley floor

 

Gilles Chinieu of Domaine la Romance - limestone soils towards the north of the appellation

 

Outcrop of galets at Mouticaut

 

Benjamin Boyer, Château Signac

 


Images of Cairanne

 

Denis Alary of Domaine Alary with a map used during Cairanne's promotion to Cru

 

One of Domaine Alary's galet-strewn vineyards on the Montagne

 

Romain Roche, Domaine Roche

 

Alluvial soils of the Garrigue

 

It does rain here occasionally...

 

Bruno Boisson, Domaine Boisson

 

 

Lighter gravelly clay soils of the Terrasses de l'Aigues

 

Loïc Massart, Domaine Les Chemins de Sève

 

Looking west from Cairanne

 

Marcel Richaud, Domaine Richaud

 

Blending the 2018s, Domaine Richaud


Images of Sablet and Plan de Dieu

Images of Sablet

 

 

The village of Sablet

 

The sandy soils of lieu-dit La Piaugier near the village

 

Thibaut Chamfort, Domaine La Verquière

 

Cheval Long towards Séguret

 

Les Briguières towards Gigondas

 

Images of Plan de Dieu

 

Endless vines, looking towards Mont Ventoux (centre) and the Dentelles de Montmirail (right)

 

Ancient river bed, free-draining pebble terroir

 

Standing in lower altitude IGP terroir, looking towards the raised pebbly plateau of AOC Côtes-du-Rhône Villages Plan de Dieu - olive trees and figure for scale

 


The Rules of BYO

Many of us have a few ‘special’ bottles in our collections but finding the time to drink them can prove surprisingly tricky. We don’t all have the skills or the space to cook a meal for friends at home, so one solution is to open treasured bottles in a decent restaurant. But with different policies, corkage charges – and with some restaurants refusing outright – what’s the best way to proceed? According to wine writer David Crossley, “once you get used to doing it, you cease to be shy about asking.” I’ve spoken to head sommeliers, restaurant managers, collectors and wine lovers in an attempt to draft the unspoken rules of engagement.

Always call ahead

“Firstly, definitely call the restaurant ahead of time just to make sure everyone is aware and agrees to the corkage policy,” says James Fryer, Beverage Director at the Woodhead Restaurant Group (Portland, Clipstone, Quality Chop House). “No-one wants to start off the evening with the old ‘are you aware of our corkage policy?’ line.” Everyone I spoke to agrees that calling ahead is the golden rule.

And don’t just ask the restaurant if it’s OK to bring a bottle, enquire specifically if there is a corkage fee (i.e. a charge for taking your own wine) and what it is. How much is fair depends on the type of restaurant. Wine writer Simon Reilly regularly takes wine to restaurants if their wine list is uninspiring or if he’s “meeting up with fellow wine geeks.” He reasons that a corkage charge equal to the cost of the cheapest wine on their wine list is fair. “At least they’ve got an income from booze they are happy with as otherwise it wouldn’t be on the list,” he says. Fees are entirely at the restaurant’s discretion however, and anything from £10 to £30 is common, with some top-end restaurants charging even more. Sparkling wines sometimes attract a premium.

Take something special

It goes without saying that just rocking up to a restaurant with a bottle of ‘value’ supermarket plonk isn’t going to win you any friends. Fryer says “we’re not going to turn anyone away, but it can feel like you’re trying to cheat the system” with a very cheap bottle. Restaurants offer corkage policies so guests can take something special that they happen to own, rather than a way of them saving a few quid. “And special doesn’t mean expensive,” he continues, “just something interesting, something different.” When pushed on what kind of wine might be considered too cheap, he suggested that a retail price equal to the price of the restaurant’s house wine would be a good starting point.

With a corkage charge of £25, if you spend less than £15 retail on a bottle of wine, it’s likely to be cheaper to buy the same bottle directly from the restaurant anyway.

You might also want to think about the restaurant’s cuisine and how it works with the wine you want to take. If you’ve got a great bottle of Riesling you want to open, it’s more likely to show its best at a fish restaurant rather than a steakhouse.

Offer your server a taste

“A big point-scorer (although by no means required) is to offer a taste to the team member who is looking after you,” says Fryer. “For me, many of the most prestigious and formative wines I’ve had the privilege of tasting have come from generous patrons offering a sip of BYO bottles. It’s an incredibly useful resource for us as we train and develop our palates.”

Check it’s not already on their list

Rémi Cousin is Head Sommelier at Le Gavroche and he suggests checking that the restaurant you’re visiting doesn’t already carry the wine you’re planning to take. “If the restaurant has it on their wine list then I think it is a little ridiculous,” he says. It suggests you’re simply trying to avoid paying the restaurant’s mark-up. The easiest way is to look on their website before booking.

Buy off the list as well

Buying other drinks while you’re there is seen as friendly gesture if taking your own bottle. Joey Scanlon is Head Sommelier at Restaurant Patrick Guilbaud and he suggests buying a second bottle if in a group. “Usually restaurants will waive a corkage fee if a bottle is bought,” he adds. During his career he’s noticed that approaches to corkage differ widely from place to place however. “For example, when working in Napa corkage was widely accepted versus working here in Dublin, where corkage is not something that is widely appreciated.”

Exceptional service = exceptional service charge

The professionals quoted here work at restaurants with serious in-house wine expertise, but smaller local restaurants can be just as uncertain about corkage etiquette as most of their customers. The only places that I’ve encountered that have refused to accept corkage under any circumstances are neighbourhood joints who simply aren’t familiar with the concept.

Steve Thomas lives in Islington and works in insurance, and regularly takes bottles to his local Italian. “They let me bring my own wine but have never explicitly asked for a corkage fee,” he says. “I usually give them an additional £10-15 on top of the service charge.” Having to deal with a customer’s own bottle can be nerve-wracking for staff and goes beyond standard service, so it’s good to acknowledge this one way or another.

A bottle means 75cl

Matt Whitaker is Restaurant Manager at Pompette in Oxford and he’s had “a few customers in the past try the old ‘one magnum equals one bottle’ trick,” he says. If you’re taking a magnum to a restaurant, expect to pay double the standard charge.

When not to take a bottle

There are some places you wouldn’t want, or wouldn’t need, to take your own wine. David Crossley suggests places such as Noble Rot, The Remedy or 40 Maltby Street, “places where the wine list is so good that I don’t need to lug wine around all day.” He also points out that some restaurants stock wines that simply aren’t available to buy retail, such as Terroirs near Covent Garden, which occasionally stocks cult Jura producer Domaine des Miroirs.

One final tip

A few years ago, I went to Chez Bruce in Wandsworth. I’d brought a bottle of 1998 Vieux Télégraphe Châteauneuf-du-Pape which I gave to the sommelier on arrival. He offered to decant it for me, and served me a taste at the table to check its condition, like he would with any bottle of wine. “It’s corked,” I said. We stared at each other – he couldn’t offer a replacement because I didn’t order it from their list. Just as well I’d brought another bottle, just in case. It’s worth dropping a backup bottle in your bag – the safety net for the BYO pro.

Pompette– £20 per bottle corkage, £25 for sparkling

Portland, Clipstone, Quality Chop House– £20 corkage, maximum two bottles per table; free corkage on Mondays at Portland and the Quality Chop House

Le Gavroche– corkage not allowed

Restaurant Patrick Guilbaud– corkage not allowed

Simon Reilly’s recommendation – The Sportsman,Kent– £10 any day for any ‘special bottle’

First published on timatkin.com


Images of Valréas and Visan

Images of Valréas

 

Looking north to the town of Valréas

 

Caroline Bonnefoy in full mistral!

 

Atop the Massif de la Côte, looking south

 

Jacques Coipel, Mas de Sainte Croix

 

L-R: Paul-Henri Bouchard, Domaine des Grands Devers; Emmanuel Bouchard, Domaine du Val des Rois; Aurélie Lardet, Maison Lavau; Julien Coipel, Mas de Sainte Croix; Stéphane Vedeau, Clos Bellane; Mathilde Mure, Domaine du Séminaire; Damien Marres, Domaine Grande Bellane; Caroline Bonnefoy, Domaine Caroline Bonnefoy

Images of Visan

 

The Village of Visan

 

Pebbly marls of the Visan hillside

 

Adrien Fabre, Domaine la Florane

 

The home town of legendary oeno-geologist, Georges Truc